Answer all the question below Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Answer all the inquiry underneath - Essay Example The company’s the executives utilized buyers’ segment information including whether they were English or Spanish Speakers, and which stores they purchased from. This information was drawn from retail locations including US Wal-Mart, Target, Toys â€Å"R† Us and Kmart. This information was investigated by the organization and used to gauge the interest for the toys. Jump conveyed its choice to expand creation of toys to Capable Toys inside weeks; in the period of August. This was after the forecasts were checked by the company’s the executives to be trustable. At the point when the interest for LittleTouch developed, Capable Toys needed to expand it efficiency to meet the rising need. Be that as it may, there was no prompt method of expanding the company’s creation. Proficient Toys Ltd of Zhongshan, China needed to hustle and make a decent attempt to get additional hand crafted gadgets, plastic shape and infant slobber evidence paper. There was likewise need to recruit more specialists. Besides the organization expected to make more creation apparatuses. The creation issue was comprehended by requesting the creation of two additional arrangements of creation devices which at long last helped support creation. The devices were better structured †they were made to such an extent that they could deliver extraordinary toys while lessening their bomb rates from 5% to 0.3%. Fit Toy Company had issues getting a provider for touchy touch film however then they had the option to get different providers. The organization additionally required an extraordinary material that was droolâ€resistant and ink retentive called Tyvek. The best way to get this material was by getting it provided by outsider, not legitimately from the maker, DuPont Co. Jump moved toward a U.S. organization that could get this material legitimately from DuPont Co and gave it the printing contract also. This move anyway added 50 to 60 pennies for every book underway expenses. Jump Company settled on a choice to utilize air transportation and quick pontoons to ship its items from Hong Kong to Los Angeles to react to the lack experienced. Utilizing

Biological Science in the News #4 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Natural Science in the News #4 - Assignment Example The utilizing of non-food biomass for fuel creation is increasingly ideal. Past examinations demonstrated the chance of acquiring long-chain alkanes containing 13-17 carbon particles. The new procedure of microbial gas creation offer chance to get unsaturated fat subsidiaries that are shorter contrasting typical intracellular unsaturated fat metabolites. The introduced procedure presents a novel manufactured pathway for the biosynthesis of short-chain alkanes. This can be the reason for getting fuel, just as different mixes like short-chain greasy esters and short-chain greasy alcohols. What measures of vitality are utilized for getting of 1 liter of gas? Was vitality utilization for creation of gas by metabolically-designed microorganism not as much as vitality utilization during oil refining? Gas creation by microorganisms could be one of the potential wellsprings of non-renewable energy source creation. The upside of this procedure is handling of non-food biomass. Be that as it may, the measure of acquired hydrocarbons is generally little. Further looks into ought to be pointed on the expanding of item yield. I for one imagine that the introduced system change the reliance from oil into reliance from biomass gas. The utilizing of created procedure for acquiring of different mixes is more

How to Get Over Vacation Guilt Right Now

How to Get Over Vacation Guilt Right Now In our fast-paced society these days, the economy is running wild and a lot of us are chins-deep in work to follow through the demands of the market.Most of us consider ourselves lucky for even having jobs but few of us rarely consider the harmful effects that working too hard can cause to our health.Whether we are passionate about what we are doing or not, from time to time, we all need to dial down and opt for a vacation to recharge those batteries.Most of the modern-day workaholics would immediately answer with a question why, so lets bring some answers to the table and save you from thinking too hard about it.ARE YOU SURE YOU NEED A VACATION RIGHT NOW?Everyday work can easily get us to lose our nerves or cause depression, anxiety, and inability to handle daily problems.Most of us, when we think about vacation, consider only physical rest, but mental trauma that working too hard can bring may need healing as well.From time to time, it may be wise to ask yourself whether youve been feeling down lately.Analyze your latest reactions?Did you recently have an unexpected and uncalled-for burst of anxiety or anything resembling a nervous breakdown?If your answers to the questions above are affirmative, you should consider taking a break.Vacation might be your best prescription here as work-related stress can be the leading cause of psychological disorders as is known to science since 1980, to say the least.WHAT IS VACATION GOOD FOR WHEN YOU HAVE A LOT TO DO?Besides taking a break from work and taking a rest, vacation serves not only as a passive recharge of our batteries.In other words, you shouldnt take time and do nothing because doing nothing for too long can be as draining as doing something you dont really enjoy that much (work).Think of a vacation as an opportunity to actively recharge yourself by doing things that you actually love doing.Besides, giving us a chance to catch our breath before we dive into further work, vacations should be about dedicating som e time to ourselves as well.Think about when did you last do something for yourself instead of doing something for your career or your boss? When did you last enjoy your meal in peace?If you couldnt even find the time to eat and you constantly took takeouts for the last couple of weeks, then its a sign you need to change something.Taking a vacation can be a good strategy to give yourself some space and time to think things through and organize your schedule better because at least half of your stress comes from organizing poorly.Thats why today you even have something called organizational studies.Think of management and how it became the leading skill of contemporary entrepreneurship.A big part of it is organization, right?Organizing is not just about scheduling. Its not just organizing our space and doing some feng shui either. Its about organizing your mind and your thoughts first.Having a plan and a blueprint for your actions.Structuring your inner life that will bring structure to your everyday life is what organization is about.Theres no organization and no organism for that matter, without rest.Even machines have to do it from time to time, so why would you be typing your brains out 24/7?If vacations and breaks are omitted from your strategies, your structure is bursting at the seams.Rest is an important part of work, whether youre a businessman, an athlete or an artist.Just think of music and how at least half of it is actually silence.Its the combination of sounds and silence that creates the composition. Its the same in the domain of work.WHY DO YOU FEEL THE VACATION GUILT?Ask yourself why do you even feel guilty. What’s the thing that does not let you relax?These days, besides having a good job, a nice salary, a big family and a decent social life, one is bid to find some leisure time for himself.However, everything is so fast-paced and outcome-dependent that we seem to be under constant pressure.We fear that we wont do something good enough or th at we wont be able to deliver the goods in due time.Yes, time, the eternal thief that slips away.One of the few natural currencies that we were given to spend at our will (or so it would seem).Many people are under constant fear of not having enough time to do what they planned to.Some plan to ambitiously and some plan too poorly…Others dont plan at all and there you have it a deficit of time.Its a paradox that one should always be wary of how he spends his time.Constantly counting the hours and obsessing over not wasting any time is a sheer waste of it and a sure way to strain yourself so that youll slack in the future.Too ambitiously craving for productivity and proficiency can and will backfire.You will grow tired and wont be able to pick up the pace if you work too hard because all of us have our limits and while we should work to cross those boundaries, we should do it carefully.Completely disregarding them is not advised.You probably feel that vacation is a complete waste o f both time and money, because, as capitalism deems it, time is money.If you think of it in that key, everything is a currency then, especially your energy.Since there is no free lunch, you should be mindful of where you choose to invest yourself and some investments are necessary to produce revenue.Vacation is surely such investment. It just transfers saved energy to the currency of dollars over the course of time.WILL I HAVE ENOUGH TIME?“If you feel like your boss is standing above your head, pick up the pace, but do it calmly. As the old Latin expression goes Festina Lente.As long as your mind is cleared, everything else will be, too. Important thing is that you don’t have to deny your vacation guilt.Try to remember that your boss takes a vacation, too.Its not just a privilege of being a boss, its a means to become one too if you use it wisely.Do not make excuses just to avoid a few days of resting that you surely deserve.Workaholism is as detrimental to your health as much as it opposites are.There’s no need to feel guilty for leaving and making as if all the jobs fell on you only.Take those free days because you earned them.You have a right to them and they didnt come in a contract just out of nowhere.Theres a medical, physical, psychological and economic need for them.There is so much chance that people won’t ever use free days if they are saving them for later so plan ahead and dont postpone.ISSUES OF THE WALLETS DEPTHEvery one of us probably experienced to hear our colleagues talking about their vacation plans, exotic destinations, cool adrenaline sports for which we may not have opportunities to experience.The economy issue becomes one of the biggest problems for suffering from vacation guilt.Not having enough resources to provide a good vacation can have you lose your motivation for both the job and the vacation.That way you can linger in between and not do anything right.QUALITY VACATION IS NOT ABOUT THE FINANCESThe amount of money spent on vacation is not a guarantee that the vacation will be good and vice versa if youre broke, all you need is some free time and some good ideas to plan and have a great one.So we shouldn’t be making excuses for not having enough money.There are so many things we can do for us to relax a bit outside of our workplace.Those who are thinking twice before taking a vacation have their reasons for that.The biggest barrier to overcome before taking a vacation surely is a fear of being replaceable.On the second place comes a feeling of heavy workload and in the third-place lies a lack of coverage at work. Source: ustravel.orgWhether you are in your 20’s, 40’s or 60’s, you deserve a vacation.There’s so much different kind of works, but each of them is specifically hard in their way.If you are working like an engineer, teacher, manager, maybe psychologist, then you deserve a good mental break for yourself.If you belong to a category of physical workers, or both mixed mental and physical, then you surely deserve both kinds of vacation.Humans are hard-working creatures and because of that, they won’t let their hard work and earned money to go to waste, but that can backfire as well.U.S. Travel’s research showed the results of tracking America’s vacation usage in 2018.It looks like millennials are mostly interested in workcations. IF VACATION SOUNDS TOO SCARY, CONSIDER TAKING A WORKCATIONIf you are not familiar with the word Workcation, here’s the explanation: Workcation implies traveling somewhere with the intention of working remotely, either fulltime or for a part of you r leisure activities.About 24 percent of Americans didn’t take a vacation in more than a year.Whats worse are that 12 % of them who said they didnt have a vacation for more than three years.There’s nothing worse than realizing that weve wasted our opportunities for a good time. As time flies and theres no stopping or reversing it, some things you should do when youre of a specific age.You wont climb Mount Everest in your sixties, right? Some people will, but not all of us have that stamina and willpower.According to The State of American Vacation results, 85% people reported they love seeing their child excited for the experience and practically all of them said that the priority of taking a vacation is to relax and reduce stress as well as to make memories.Source: ustravel.orgWell, you cant make memories if you skip the whole thing, so it might be best to consider Workcationing if youre that hung up on working all the time.According to Kari DePhillips and Kelly Chase, hosts of the podcast Workcationing and serial workcationers, travel should have its benefits to the company as well and not just to the employee.Traveling has the effect of breaking you free from your routine, and for us, that has helped us in our goals to live more intentionally.”, said Kelly Chase.Because of a guilt trip, you are getting tired twice as much. By skipping a vacation, you think you’re saving yourself for work, but if you don’t get a break, you won’t be able to do your work right.Since the guilt does not result in any good, here is the advice on how to get rid of it.SELF-ANALYSIS, INTROSPECTION, AND CONTEMPLATION VS. GUILT TRIPSAs long as we don’t change the way of thinking, we are just gonna suffer from our guilt trips.Its a psychological problem and it should be addressed as social or self-imposed anxiety.You shouldn’t deny the feeling of guilt, but try to get rid of it instead.Just breathe and count to ten. Realize that nothing will fall apart if you take a vaca tion, but something may crumble if you dont you yourself.Realize that people shouldn’t live to work, but reverse.Since life comes first and matters way more than work, you should always strive towards looking at the bigger picture.Your devotion to the companys goals should meet a likewise devotion of the company to your wellbeing. Remember that you shouldnt aim to work to survive, but go for working to live.Do not allow other people to tell evaluate your reserves of energy. Listen to yourself and if you feel like you are tired, then take a break.Were not saying that you should always go easy on yourself.As always, its wise to be moderate. That goes for both ends. Dont work yourself to the death.Otherwise, companies may take advantage of you.Youll produce profit and the only thing that youll get in return are hair loss and stress.Learn to put your needs in the first place.If at the brink of day you find yourself laying in bed, thinking about how much you don’t want to get up in the morning, its time for a change.If you face with guilt for trying to alleviate the pressure that youre suffering from, you should try and get to the root of that decadent attitude concealed under premises of being conscientious.What causes that guilt? Perhaps you should talk to a therapist and see where its all coming from and whats it all about?Perhaps youre trying to avoid something by pushing yourself to work too hard all the time. Be mindful!MEMENTO MORIThis is a Latin expression that means remember the death or remember that you are mortal and that you will die.This one is usually quoted next to Carpe diem seize the day. Use the opportunity.Remember the reason for working In the first place. Remember your goals.They surely didnt concern producing revenue. What would you do with all that money if someone just gave it to you is what you should be asking yourself…Then, when you get to an answer, go and do it. Its about happiness.Money should just be the means for it, but if work becomes an obstacle to your path of happiness, then its all in vain. Source: ustravel.orgYou should prioritize your dreams, no matter how silly and shabby it may sound. Taking a vacation may be a good way to remember what you dreamt of and why you started working in the first place.  Then, a vacation is a good way to dream anew and recharge and refresh yourself in that manner.Be a friend to yourself and deconstruct that guilt trip.Otherwise, youll be a good worker and a bad friend, spouse, parent and youll end up living and dying for nothing… only to spin the wheel of revenue for your company or boss? Now, how tragic is that?MOST COMMON EXCUSES PEOPLE ARE USING  FOR NOT TAKING A VACATION AND WAYS TO COUNTER THEM:Feeling guilty for leaving â€" You won’t admit you are tired, just you don’t get fired? Let’s resume something. Dealing with guilt is a waste of time. Guilt is supposed to be there when we do something wrong, but there is NOTHING wrong with enjoying the free time you EARNED!Saving the days â€" The more you are saving them, the more is the chance you’ll end up never using them.Too much work â€" Look behind yourself and find where you make mistakes. Plan the work on time so you can enjoy your leisure activities time.Make a pro et contra list and focus on the reasons for taking a vacationYou shouldnt consider vacations a luxury, but a necessity for a healthy life.Make a list of reasons for taking a vacation and read it to yourself out loud. Constantly remind yourself of the reasons why vacation might be good for you:To reduce the stress â€" if you are dealing with burnout or pressure at work, getting a vacation will immediately reduce the problem and get you out of stress that doesnt allow you to see clearly.Helps you stay healthy â€" Stressing is one of the main reasons to get heart disease or high blood pressure. Studies have shown that going on vacation can reduce the risks of getting sick. You can also take some time to exercise on vacation. Swimming might be a good mixture of healthy and pleasurable.Maintain the focus â€" Chronic stress results with memory problems. Constantly working without breaks makes people distracted and produces problems with concentration thus causing damage to the work youre doing.Makes you productive â€" Vacation time enhances productivity and your immune system which implies less sick days. After a shorter or longer pause, our creativity increases, as much as our work quality.Strengthens relationships â€" while being around family or friends, our mind is relaxing and we certainly are forming a deeper bond with the people that we love. Studies have found that people who take vacations and breaks regularly are often satisfied more with their marriage instead of those who don’t take vacations.Better sleep â€" Nights without rest and interrupted sleep are signs for too much going on in our minds. A lack of sleep makes us less focused, alerted and interrupts cognitive processes. If you noticed these symptoms then you should think again about taking a vacation yo u have been putting off.Improves sex life â€" Vacation sex became a thing! Scientists showed that the level of libido is less when we are under stress. People who vacation regularly are feeling sexier and have a better romance in a relationship.PLANNING ON TIMEAsk yourself what a successful day should look like?Is it about finishing the assignments or some other goals that you may have?If you prepare and write down the criteria for a successful day, it should help you get through the day and feel fulfilled later. It’s better than to go to bed with unfinished plans stuck in your head.If you are the kind of person who is not skilled in organization, start earlier. Keep your plans in an e-form or use sticky notes if you have to.   If you are tracking them ordinarily, it should be easier to achieve everything.Thats probably the best way to keep track of your activities and productivity and to plan so as not to overwork yourself nor spare yourself too much for that matter.You should st art with making a daily plan, marking the calendar, limit the time for doing the task, using the organizer.Start from planning your next day to planning your next week and end up with planning for a month or a semester.Distinguish your short-term and long-term goals. A good plan will relieve you of your guilt.Since multitasking can be willpower depleting nuisance, you should read about the benefits of timeboxing.Timeboxing should help you narrow things down and focus your attention to only one thing at a time.Also, be sure to pick the ending time for the end of the day to stop working immediately.   The following are some good tips on how to organize your work: These are tips of good organizing work.Determine tasks on sequences â€" At work, the mind needs to be concentrated so we don’t fall behind work. Since walking through the door, taking a coffee, preparing for work and start, the mind is prepared for brainstorming. But it became a regular feeling and basis for daily planning. Maintain priority â€" group all of the tasks together. Decide which should be done first, and which one last. You should start with fulfilling smaller sequences like checking emails, phone calls and making coffee. After that, start doing bigger tasks and be sure not to miss anything.Set a time â€" Each task needs a different time to be completed. Think about when is the best time you can do each activity. Set a part of a day for each task and be sure to follow the order.Remove distractions â€" At work, you can see many potential distractions â€" cell phones, social media sound, messages sound, etc. You should use coffee breaks to talk to co-workers, so you won’t distract them and to keep being focused on work while your timer is on!Unaccomplished business â€" write down anything you misses to do throughout the day and set it as a priority for the next day. This way is better than multitasking, which gets us to produce the stress hormone.When youve planned everything on time, all y ou need to do is follow the plan through and you end up with a lot of spare time.Now use the same method to plan your vacation so as not to stress about some unforeseen circumstances there.WEEKEND DRINK OR TWOIf you can’t manage to book a week or two for a good break, use your weekends wisely. Fresh air helps you clear your mind so dont disregard the need for the breaks.Depending on your interests, make a deal with yourself what is the thing you would like to enjoy in. Will it be inside of your home, or you are a type of sports activity?If you feel the most pleasant in your cozy home, you can have a drink of wine or two.Although we dont recommend alcoholism, a glass of wine is known to inhibit cognitive centers of the prefrontal lobe which literally makes you relax.Your fear of survival which is due to the economic pressure and the financial ebbs and flows gets greatly diminished after a glass of wine or a few beers.Since your perception after a glass or two loosens up just enough for you to realize how much you needed a break and that its totally ok to make it again sometime. Of course, caution is advised here.We dont want you to end up making typical alcoholic excuses about drinking for the greater good, creativity, productivity or whatever.While we do not endorse alcoholism, were not too big of fans of workaholism either.Both make you waste your life.OUTDOOR ACTIVITYIf you are an active type, outside activities might not be a vacation, but a means to get over the guilt The thing is that the guilt is caused and causes the release of the stress hormone cortisol.Anything that involves physical exercise, on the other hand, releases significant amounts of dopamine and lessens the release of cortisol.Maybe you want to take your dog for a walk, fix something in the yard, go for a run/walk while you listen to the music you like, go hiking with your friends and watch the sun goes down or whateverSpending time in nature restores our mental health and lowers blood p ressure too so, go with that maybe?With just a little break we realize how much we need a vacation, just as how much it means for our health. These are activities that help us get relaxed.Practice meditation   find a simple position in which you can get your mind relaxed and just pay attention to your breathing for 5 minutes or so. Here you can find one that’s comfortable the mostListening to music â€" let the music take away your worries. You can create a playlist with songs you love, close your eyes and enjoy some alone time.Go for a walk â€" go get that fresh air and feel the sun touch your face. Be mindful of how you walk, what you see and feel.Take a shower â€" hot or cold, whatever you like, will help you get your muscles relaxed. Also, it’s known that the best ideas come whilst showering.Spend time with your pet â€" everyone who loves animals knows how happy we are around them. Being around animals helps the release of some more happy hormones   release good hormones in people, so go visit your little friend.Talk to someone   If the stress is overwhelming you, try talking to someone about it. It can be your therapist or anyone who you are comfortable with.Sing and dance   free your mind and body while moving.Painting â€" even if you don’t have a talent, you should try painting what’s inside your mind. That way you’ll be able to see it and realize how to deal with problems.No technology for a day   take a rest from your computer and phone and leave them. You will see how much more time you have to finish the tasks and dedicate yourself.CONCLUSIONYou earned your vacation, so enjoy it! Dont think of life being a pause from work, but the other way around. Life should always come before work… and after it.Making time for yourself is one of the main things to do when it comes to your overall health.You should consider yourself lucky to have a job you love, but that doesnt mean that you should lose yourself in it.Every time we skip our leisure activities, we waste our willpower which greatly affects our overall proficiency at what we do, thus generating guilt.To conclude, lifes to short for guilt trips anyway, so do whatever you need to in order to relax.

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The View on Overpopulation Looking Deeper into the...

Introduction One would have thought that it was even more necessary to limit population than property...The neglect of this subject, which in existing states is so common, is a never-failing cause of poverty among the citizens; and poverty is the parent of both revolution and crime. This quote did not come from any professional doomsayer or modern writer, or even an ecologist or a historian. Aristotle said this, though he lived in a time where the population was four percent of what it is today. People have been worried about overpopulation since the period before Christ. This makes you wonder how something as serious as overpopulation got so far out of hand. So out of control, in fact, that overpopulation could be the biggest threat to†¦show more content†¦The taboo was named after the famous demographer Garrett Hardin, best known for The Tragedy of the Commons. He wrote extensively on the topic of overpopulation; he also wrote Stalking the Wild Taboo. Those who can’t look at the world ecology without optimism do not like what Hardin had to say about the world’s problems. That is what the Hardinian taboo is, broken down. Hardin was very curt that animals are not the only ones who suffer from overpopulation. He used a lot of straightforward talking to get his point across as bluntly as possible. â€Å"In an uncrowded world there may be no ethical need for the ecological concept of the carrying capacity. But ours is a crowded world.†(315 Hardin) Hardin expresses his own dislike of the situation our world is in right now, but he refuses to ignore the issue just to be politically correct. Hardin proposes the concern with this existing condition is, â€Å"†¦that taboo inhibits the discussion of many issues that, if carried far enough, might lead to acceptable solutions†(345 Hardin). Brilliant scientists are solving the problems that are the dependent variables, but refuse to tackle the root of all troubles. This is because of the politi cal incorrectness of population control that is a looming shadow over a very critical topic. Publications Avoid Demographic Entrapment The Hardinian taboo is so deeply seeded in the minds of those

Developing Systems in the Fast Food Industries Free Essays

The international expansion of the fast food industry is due because of the social and technological advances that came during the early 19th century. Advances such as cars were a big contribution to the fast food industry. People could then drive to go and buy food. We will write a custom essay sample on Developing Systems in the Fast Food Industries or any similar topic only for you Order Now With cars, other advances in the industrial industry came along. Highways were built to travel from place to place. Much more advances have also contributed so that fast food was possible for everyone. Although there were many advances in the fast food industry that helped contribute to its rapid expansion nationally and internationally, there were also major points that were uncovered. What are the truths behind these great developing systems that have advanced fast food industries? The founding fathers of the fast food industry have made their, once a small push cart business, into a multi-billion dollar industry where they have spread nationally and also internationally. An industry that began with a few of modest hot dog and hamburger stands has now become an industry that has spread to every corner of the nation.Many of this success of the fast food industry have been partially from its social advances. Social advances such as cars and or even franchises that have been invested in these fast food industries. â€Å"The extraordinary growth of the fast food industry has been driven by fundamental changes in American society† (Mifflin), especially when the American society has put a tremendous amount of influence on one another to continue this fast food chain by trying new fast food craves or products advertised.We the people of America have shaped ourselves into always having to have fast food around us. Fast Food has been incorporated in to Americans daily lifestyle by being spread throughout the whole world. The fast food industry is such a part of the American lifestyle that we even have national characters that symbolize fast food restaurants, such as McDonalds. Besides Santa Clause, one of the most known fictional characters is Ronald McDonald. Fast Food industries have entered the social minds of children by using fictional characters to attract children to purchase their goods.A fictional character that has been recognized by 96% of school children has adopted itself to the fast food industry lifestyle. Whether it’s the fictional character dolls or TV commercials that are aimed to children; fast food industries aim themselves to young children. â€Å"A child who loves our TV commercials†¦ and brings her grandparents to a McDonald’s gives us two more customers† (Schlosser 41), with more advertisements aimed at children, it makes kids want to go to the se restaurants and buy these toys. Advertisement to children exploded in the 1980’s while having other companies come up with fictional characters also. McDonald’s advertisement campaigns were so great that they came up with play lands, toys and cross-promotion. They have gone as far to promote itself as a â€Å"trusted Friend,† suggesting that it cares about its customers. Fast Food advertisements are worldwide, national and internationally. Advertisements are not just on giant billboards or TV commercials, but they are now following children in educational environments.America has spent more money in advertisement and fast food industries than education for students. â€Å"In 1970, Americans spent about $6 billion on fast food; in 2000, they spent more than $110 billion. Americans now spend more money on fast food than on higher education, personal computers, computer software, new cars, movies, books, magazines, newspapers, videos, and recorded music – combined,† ( Mifflin); meaning, that Americans are not focusing on what the money really needs to be spent on.Schools all across the state are currently selling many junk food goodies that they can get their hands on quickly such as sodas, chips, frozen slushies, and even candy. How nutritious do these items sound to you? These are only some of the many things that children can get their hands on at their school; not only that, but many say that this is why a main portion of teens and children are obese. Not only is a great portion of the children and teens of America obese, but many of the teens are also dropping out of schools.Many of these teens are dropping out of school because they are working at fast food restaurants, working 10 to 12 hour shifts. â€Å"No other industry in the U nited States has a workforce so dominated by adolescents. About two-thirds of the nation’s fast food workers are under the age of twenty,† (Schlosser 68), meaning that fast food industries are greatly ran by teenagers. This is because fast food industries can hire teens and pay them minimum wage and have them work long shifts. Their youthful inexperience is easier to control compared to that of an adult.A small group of young teenagers is how they created the Speedee Service System. With a small group of fast working teens, they are able to accomplish things faster in order to make more. The Speedee Service System helped fast food industries expand their empire. By having this system and other’s such as machines that help cook the food faster, these industries have become unstoppable. Another thing that fast food industries have done that are both good and bad, is the ingredients that are added to make the food taste the way it does and how the food first begins. Schlosser writes that in his interview with a fellow Taco Bell employee, the food is â€Å"assembled, not prepared. † Many fast food restaurants lead to believe that their food is genially made right there and then, but in reality many of things they make is already pre-packed or pre-cooked. This advancement in the fast food industry is great for the restaurants because it makes things easier so that production can go faster and makes everything easier for the employees preparing the food. However, how good are these food additives for you?Of course, many of these restaurants are not obligated to tell the public exactly what is in the fries or other food that they make, but sometimes these additives and ingredients can be bad for you. Additives these days can be unseen to the naked eye. You can be fooled to believe that you are eating and tasting one thing when it’s really something else. â€Å"After closing my eyes, I suddenly smelled a grilled hamburger. The aroma was uncanny, almost miraculous. It smelled like someone in the room was flipping burgers on a hot grill.But when I opened my eyes, there was just a narrow strip of white paper and a smiling flavorist,† (Schlosser 129), even though they may smell good and taste good, they can also be bad for you. The fast food industry has become a great part of the American society. It once started off with the basic stand that sold hamburgers or hot dogs, one-by-one. Now we can see how the fast food industry has mass produced to become one of the multi-billion dollar industries in the whole world. Although advancements such as advertisements, speedee service, and food dditives have greatly contributed to the success and growth of the fast food industry; we can say that they have also had a negative effect on the society also. Advertisement towards children has led to the advertisement in schools and children being on the verge of becoming obese. Speedee service systems are great for fast food restaurants who want to get there food out faster, but at the same time, restaurants are hiring inexperienced teen workers that are getting paid minimum wage and work long shifts.In the long run, many teens that work have a higher dropout rate. Food additives may seem good and taste and smell good, but are they really good for you? Advancements such as these have contributed to the expansion of fast food industries nationally and internationally, but with great benefits come great despair.Works Cited â€Å"Of Fast Food and Franchises — DeMaria 41 (7): 1227. † Journal of the American College of Cardiology. Ed. Anthony N. DeMaria. 2003. Journal. 17 Nov. 2010. . Mifflin, Houghton. â€Å"Fast Food Nation. New York Times. 2000. Web. 15 Nov. 2010. . Schlosser, Eric. Fast Food Nation: the Dark Side of the All-American Meal. New York, NY: Perennial, 2002. Print Silverman, Fran. â€Å"Fries Forever: Scoffing at Junk-Food Ban. † New York Times 12 June 2005: 3(L). Gale Opposing Viewpoints In Context. Journal. 17 Nov. 2010. Turner, Mark D. â€Å"The Low-Wage Labor Market: Does the Minimum Wage Help or Hurt Low-Wage Workers? † Office of the Assistant Secretary for Planning and Evaluation, HHS. 14 Jan. 2000. Web. 16 Nov. 2010. . How to cite Developing Systems in the Fast Food Industries, Essays

Prince Essays - Machiavellianism, The Prince, Italian Politicians

Prince Niccolo Machiavelli tells of the methods that have been the most successful in gaining and maintaining power in non-democratic governments in his classic novel, The Prince. Through a meticulous analysis of political history up to his point in time, he tells of the political strategies that had worked for rulers time and time again and also of those that had failed. Machiavelli maintains that any opposition to a ruler's power should be disposed of. He gives the example of Agathocles who had his army quickly and ruthlessly killed the senate of Syracuse and all of the other powerful people in the city so that he could easily take control with no one to oppose him. Machiavelli does not glorify these actions. He merely states that they work. Machiavelli also put a great value on having a military made up of citizens of the state rather than mercenaries. He concluded that a citizens' army has more to lose if defeated and more to gain if victorious. A citizen's army is also more likely to be loyal to its ruler while mercenaries fight purely for profit. At the moment it becomes more profitable to take some other course of action than to follow the orders of their employer, mercenaries will do so. Machiavelli cites several examples where having an army of mercenaries limited the capabilities of the state's military. King Louis XI employed Swiss mercenaries who fought along side his own troops. In time the French troops were so accustomed to fighting with the Swiss that they felt they couldn't be victorious without them. Machiavelli also gave some examples of times when mercenaries actually turned on their employers such as the Carthaginians' mercenaries that turned on them after they fought the Romans. Machiavelli said that it was critical for a ruler to be constantly thinking of the art of war. He should come to know the landscape of his own country in order to know the best strategies for battle should his nation every be attacked, and through this he should also be able to deduce how to react in similar terrain in another place. Francesco Sforza raised himself from a private person to the station of Duke of Milan through battle. Machiavelli believed that a ruler should know how to do wrong. He who tries to do what is morally right instead of what needs to be done will soon lose his power. Machiavelli states that it is better to be feared than loved if one cannot be both. A ruler should not be too merciful. Ruthlessness that sets a few examples is ultimately more merciful when it prevents disorder because many may die in disorder. Hannibal was ruthless and cruel, and he was both revered and feared in the eyes of his enormous army, allowing him to keep them under his command. Machiavelli explains that a ruler should have the cunning of a fox and the strength of a lion. Without cunning a ruler is susceptible to tricks and traps, but without a strong military he is likely to be overwhelmed by the opposition. Alexander VI was an especially cunning ruler. He was always deceiving someone. Deceit can often be used to manipulate others. Niccolo Machiavelli is one of the most widely read authors of all time. His book, The Prince, has been studied by many people including Hitler and several U.S. presidents. By the age of 29 Machiavelli was active in the Florentine government, participating in several diplomatic missions to other nations that afforded him the opportunity to observe their practices.

Yvon chouinard essays

Yvon chouinard essays Yvon Chouinard started a clothing line called Patagonia in 1973. The line uses only organic materials to distribute its products. With his company he had a passion, to make the best quality product in the world. His business began to take off quickly, by the early 80s he had a very high selling product called the sinkhole. But by the late 80s that all came to a stop, mainly because of financial problems that had occurred within the company. Then he decided to take a break and bring only the most important people to Patagonia. There 12 of them sat down to ask themselves exactly why they were in business. The y came to the conclusion they were growing into the society. That all humans are consumers, meaning one that destroys or uses up. That we are the cause of all problems, and that we have to find out what causes not what cures. He then began to study different kinds of business. European business is what interested him most. American business only offered part of the sol ution said Yvon Chouinard. After the rtip back Patagonia and him began to live by that creed that they have to find the cause before the cure. Like Yvon Chouinard put it, We have to find the causes of our problems to find our solutions. In closing, I enjoyed the speech a lot. Mainly because of the way he lives his life. He lives a life that is very close to nature, whether its rock climbing, surfing, cross country skiing its always in some way close to nature. ...

National Emergency Definition, Powers and Examples

National Emergency Definition, Powers and Examples In United States government, a national emergency is any extraordinary situation deemed by the President of the United States to threaten the health or safety of the citizens and which cannot be adequately addressed by the application of other laws or executive actions. Exactly what situations do or do not constitute a state of emergency came into question in early 2019, when President Donald Trump declared a national emergency in order to divert existing Department of Defense funds for the completion of a concrete wall (or steel barrier) intended to prevent illegal immigration along the entire southern U.S. border- a maneuver used by President Ronald Reagan in 1982 to boost construction of military facilities. Key Takeaways A national emergency is any extraordinary situation declared by the president as threatening American citizens and not resolvable by other laws.Under the National Emergencies Act of 1976, a declaration of national emergency temporarily grants the president at least 140 special powers.The reasons for declaring a national emergency and the provisions to be applied during that emergency are solely and entirely up to the president. Under the National Emergencies Act (NEA), more than 100 special powers are granted to the president under a declared national emergency. When and why to declare a national emergency is entirely at the president’s discretion. Background and Legal Precedence While the U.S. Constitution grants Congress a few limited emergency powers- such as the power to suspend the right to writs of habeas corpus- it grants the president no such emergency powers. However, many legal scholars have confirmed that the Constitution gives presidents implied emergency powers by making them the commander in chief of the armed forces and by granting them broad, largely undefined â€Å"executive power.† Many such executive powers are applied by presidents through the issuance of legally-binding executive orders and proclamations. The first such emergency proclamation was issued by President Woodrow Wilson on February 5, 1917, in response to a lack of U.S. cargo ships needed to carry exported products to allied nations during World War I. The provisions of the proclamation were declared to be within the framework of the earlier law creating the United States Shipping Board. Prior to the presidency of Franklin D. Roosevelt, presidents declared numerous emergencies to deal with situations like the hoarding of gold, the Korean War, a postal workers strike, and out-of-control economic inflation. In 1933, Roosevelt, in response to the Great Depression, began the ongoing trend of presidents declaring national emergencies of unlimited scope and duration, and without congressional oversight or precedent in existing laws. Eventually, in 1976, Congress passed the National Emergencies Act, which was intended to limit the scope and number of executive emergency powers a president could invoke by declaring an â€Å"emergency† and to provide certain checks and balances on the emergency powers of the president. National Emergencies Act of 1976 Under the National Emergencies Act, presidents are required to identify the specific powers and provisions to be activated by the declaration of emergency and to renew the declaration annually. While the law grants the president at least 136 distinct emergency powers, only 13 of them require a separate declaration by Congress. During declared national emergencies, the president can- without the approval of Congress- freeze the bank accounts of Americans, shut down most types of electronic communications inside the United States, and ground all non-military aircraft. Procedure for Declaring Emergencies Under the National Emergencies Act, presidents activate their emergency powers by issuing a public declaration of national emergency. The declaration must specifically list and notify Congress of the powers to be utilized during the duration of the emergency. Presidents may terminate declared emergencies at any time or continue to renew them annually with the approval of Congress. Since 1985, Congress has been allowed to renew an emergency declaration by the passage of a joint resolution rather than by separate resolutions passed by the House and Senate. The law also requires the president and the Cabinet-level executive agencies to keep records of all executive orders and regulations issued due to the emergency and to regularly report to Congress the costs of enforcing those provisions. Emergency Powers Under the National Emergencies Act Among the nearly 140 national emergency powers Congress has delegated to the president, some are particularly dramatic. In 1969, President Nixon suspended all laws regulating chemical and biological weapons on humans. In 1977, President Ford allowed states to suspend key provisions of the Clean Air Act. And in 1982, President Reagan authorized the use of existing Defense Department funds for emergency military construction. More recently, President George W. Bush declared a national emergency days after the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks that suspended several laws, including all laws limiting the size of the military. In 2009, President Obama declared a national emergency to help hospitals and local governments deal with the swine flu outbreak. Notable Ongoing National Emergencies As of January 2019, a total of 32 national emergencies dating back to 1979 remained in effect. A few of the more notable of these include: To combat the flow of drugs, criminals and illegal immigrants coming across the U.S. border with Mexico. (Feb. 2019)Preventing the proliferation of Weapons of Mass Destruction (Nov.1994)Banning financial dealings with terrorists who threaten the Middle East peace process (Jan. 1995)Provisions arising from the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001 (Sept. 2001)Freezing the funds and property of persons who commit, threaten to commit, or support terrorism (Sept. 2001)Continuing restrictions with respect to North Korea and North Korean nationals (June 2008)Freezing the property of multinational organized criminal organizations (July 2011)Freezing the property of certain persons involved in cyber-enabled crime (April 2015) During his first two years in office (2017 and 2018), President Trump issued three national emergency declarations, most notably, a controversial national emergency intended to punish foreign nationals found to have interfered in or otherwise attempted to influence American elections. Accused of collusion with Russian agents during the 2016 presidential election, Trump’s declaration drew bipartisan criticism for being too weak. All three national emergency declarations issued by President Trump as of January 2019 include: Blocking access to the property of persons involved in serious human rights abuse or corruption (Dec. 2017)Imposing sanctions in the event of foreign interference in a United States election (Sept. 2018)Blocking access to the property of persons contributing to the situation in Nicaragua (Nov. 2018) While most national emergencies have been declared in response to foreign affairs, no law prevents presidents from declaring them to deal with a domestic issue, as President Obama did in 2009 to deal with the swine flu. Two other laws- the Stafford Act and the Public Health Services Act- are intended to provide federal  government response to state and local disasters, and public health emergencies. In addition, all 50 states have laws empowering the governors to declare emergencies within their states and to ask the President of the United States for federal assistance. President Trump’s 2019 Border Wall Emergency On January 8, 2019, President Trump, in the midst of what would become the longest government shutdown in history, threatened to declare a national emergency in order to bypass Congress by diverting some $5.7 billion in existing funds to the construction of an additional 234 miles of Mexican border security wall. The declaration was put on hold when on January 25, an agreement was reached between the White House and congressional Democrats allowing the government to reopen until February 15. The agreement was based on the understanding that negotiations over border wall funding would proceed during the three-week delay. However, after Speaker of the House Nancy Pelosi on January 31 flatly stated that â€Å"There’s not going to be any wall money in the [compromise] legislation,† President Trump stated that there was a â€Å"good chance† that he would, indeed, declare a national emergency to secure the funding. â€Å"We are doing it regardless,† he told reporters on February 1, suggesting that more details might come in his shutdown-delayed State of the Union address scheduled for February 5. On February 15, he declared a national emergency, which is expected to face legal challenges. On February 15, 2019, President Trump signed a compromise Homeland Security spending bill that provided $1.375 billion for 55 miles of new fencing- but not a solid wall- along the U.S.-Mexico border in Texas. While the bill averted a second government shutdown, it fell far short of providing the $5.7 billion Trump had sought for the addition of 234 miles of solid steel walls. At the same time, President Trump declared a national emergency he said would allow him to redirect $3.5 billion from the Defense Department’s military construction budget to the construction of additinal border wall. He also signed executive orders redirecting $600 million from the Treasury Departments drug forfeiture fund, and $2.5 billion from the Defense Department’s drug interdiction program for the same purpose. â€Å"We’re going to confront the national security crisis on our southern border and we’re going to do it one way or the other,† President Trump said. â€Å"It’s an invasion,† he added. â€Å"We have an invasion of drugs and criminals coming into our country.† Democratic leaders immediately challenged Trump’s constitutional authority to use presidential national emergency powers to regulate immigration. VETO! On February 26, 2019, the House of Representatives voted 245-182 to approve a joint resolution canceling President Trump’s national emergency declaration. On March 14, the Senate voted 59-41 (including the votes of 12 Republicans) to concur, sending the measure to the president’s desk. Moments after the vote, Trump tweeted a one-word response, â€Å"VETO!† In a follow-up tweet, the president added, â€Å"I look forward to VETOING the just passed Democrat inspired Resolution which would OPEN BORDERS while increasing Crime, Drugs, and Trafficking in our Country.† On March 15, 2019, President Trump followed up his tweets by issuing his first presidential veto rejecting the resolution. â€Å"Congress has the freedom to pass this resolution and I have the duty to veto it,† he stated at the signing ceremony.   Sources and Further Reference Fisch, William B. â€Å"Emergency in the Constitutional Law of the United States.† University of Missouri School of Law (1990).â€Å"National Emergency Definition.† Duhaime’s Law Dictionary. Duhaime.orgRelyea, Harold C. (2007) â€Å"National Emergency Powers.† Congressional Research Service.Struyk, Ryan. â€Å"Trumps wall would be the 32nd active national emergency.† CNN.  (January 2019).

Issues And Features Of The Audit Process Term Paper

Issues And Features Of The Audit Process - Term Paper Example Independent auditing is encouraged in organizations in order to protect the potential investors and shareholders from any misrepresentation of the financial statement or fraudulent claims that are often made in the public companies (Gray and Manson, 2008: 98). Moreover, after the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOX) introduced in 2002, the appointment of the independent auditor becomes mandatory for improving the auditing and accounting procedure. Many organizations are seen to appoint independent auditors, who are certified public accountants, responsible for checking their business transactions and financial records, yet not being affiliated with it (Singleton, T.W., and Singleton, A.J., 2010: 13). However, independent auditing is seen to suffer from a large number of threats such as intimidation threat, trust or familiarity threat, advocacy threat, management threat, self-review threat and self-interest threat. Therefore, safeguarding the independence of the auditors becomes a major area of c oncern. This report focuses on the safeguards for the independence of auditors. Safeguards to save the Independence of the Auditors On recognizing the significant threat of independence in the auditing process, the organization must decide on some safeguards in order to save the auditors. Some of the approaches that are considered by organizations are as follows: Mandatory rotation in the auditor: In a case where an external auditor is serving a particular client for many years, they often end up building relationships with their clients, which make them less skeptical about their work than that they would have been otherwise. The SOX Act has made it mandatory for the public company, who is the partner-in-charge, to rotate their auditors, at least every five years. However, for non-public companies, there are no such requirements for rotation of auditors.

Chaos theory Applications to PDEs (geometry design) Essay

Chaos theory Applications to PDEs (geometry design) - Essay Example 55). Therefore, there has been a growing demand for the development for a much stronger theory than for the finite dimensional systems. In mathematics, there are significant challenges in the studies on the infinite dimensional systems (Taylor, 1996; p. 88). For instance, as phase spaces, the Banach spaces have many structures than in Euclidean spaces. In application, the most vital natural phenomena are explained by the partial differential equations, most of important natural phenomena are described by the Yang-Mills equations, partial differential equations, nonlinear wave equations, and Navier-Stokes equations among others. Problem Statement Chaos theory has led to profound mathematical equations and theorems that have numerous applications in different fields including chemistry, biology, physics, and engineering among other fields or professions. Problem Definition The nonlinear wave equations are usually significant class of equations especially natural sciences (Cyganowski, K loeden, and Ombach, 2002; p. 33). They usually describe a wide spectrum of phenomena including water waves, motion of plasma, vortex motion, and nonlinear optics (laser) among others (Wasow, 2002). Notably, these types of equations often describe differences and varied phenomena; particularly, similar soliton equation that describes several different situations. These types of equations can be described by the nonlinear Schrodinger equation 1 The equation 1 above has a soliton solution 2 Where the variable This leads to 3 The equation leads to the development of the soliton equations whose Cauchy problems that are solved completely through the scattering transformations. The soliton equations are similar to the integrable Hamiltonian equations that are naturally counterparts of the finite dimensionalintegrable differential systems. Setting up the systematic study of the chaos theory in the partial differential equations, there is a need to start with the perturbed soliton equations (Wasow, 2002). The perturbed soliton equations can be classified into three main categories including: 1. Perturbed (1=1) dimensional soliton equations 2. Perturbed soliton lattices 3. Perturbed (1 + n) dimensional soliton equations (n? 2). For each of the above categories, to analyze the chaos theory in the partial differential equations, there is needed to choose a candidate for study. The integrable theories are often parallel for every member within the same category (Taylor, 1996; p. 102). Moreover, members of different categories are often different substantial. Therefore, the theorem that describes the existence of chaos on each candidate can be generalized parallely to other members under the same category (Wasow, 2002). For instance; The candidate in the first category is often described by a perturbed cubic that often focuses on the nonlinear Schrodinger equation 4 Under even and periodic boundary conditions q (x+1) = q (x) and q (x) =q (x), and is a real constant. The can didates in category 2 are often considered as the perturbed discrete cubic that often focus on the nonlinear Schrodinger equation + Perturbations, 5 The above equation is only valid under even and periodic boundary conditions described by +N = The candidates falling under category 3 are perturbed Davey-Stewartson II equations 6 The equation is only satisfied under the even and periodic

Critical Review of Post-Mortem Sperm Retrieval (PMSR)

Critical Review of Post-Mortem Sperm Retrieval (PMSR) Introduction Post-mortem sperm retrieval (PMSR) is a procedure that has given rise numerous legal and ethical concerns, including: consent for procedure, ownership and assignment of sperm as a possession, divergence on the inheritance of the offspring and conflict over the introduction of sperm retrieval in organ donation (Pastuzak, et al., 2013). There is no agreement on the use of PMSR at different levels from institutional to an international level. A report published in 2003 discussed the benefits of implementing guidelines to introduce a framework and therefore simplify concerns with respect to PMSR, which included (Tash, et al., 2003): Consent issues Resource availability Medical contraindications A 1-year time period for careful evaluation of the recipient. Although PMSR is still fairly uncommon, the continuous increase in requests for In-vitro fertilization (IVF) with intra-cytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), resulted in an increased rate of PMSR requests (Kerr, et al., 1997). Sperm retrieval techniques With the advent of ICSI and IVF, numerous sperm retrieval techniques have been developed in order to tackle sperm retrieval from various entry points. The most commonly used techniques involve either an epididymal or testicular procedure by open surgery or percutaneous entry (See Table 1): Table 1: Sperm retrieval techniques Key: MESA – Microsurgical epididymal sperm aspiration; PESA – Percutaneous epididymal sperm aspiration; COB Conventional open biopsy; TESA – Testicular sperm aspiration. Micro surgical epididymal sperm aspiration (MESA) An incision in the scrotum is performed to uncover the epididymis. Using a microscope the tunica is incised and a ductule is mobilised. An incision of the ductile then follows exposing the fluid within which is aspirated. Microsutures are then applied, when sufficient fluid is aspirated, to the ductule. In the case that no fluid is observed another ductule is mobilised for aspiration. Microsurgery allows for a precise incision resulting in an aspiration free from any contaminating blood. With this technique a large number of motile sperms can be retrieved and preserved for future use. Also, it allows for preservation of the ductule in the case of further aspirations, if needed. Nevertheless, no evidence is present to affirm that using microsurgery will result in better retrieval in the future. In addition, the technique is very laborious and time-consuming, needing a microscope and an experienced microsurgeon (Siber, et al., 1994; Girardi Schlegel, 1996). Percutaneous epididymal sperm aspiration (PESA) By using antiseptic the scrotum is thoroughly cleaned and consequently washed using saline to eliminate any excess antiseptic. In some cases, local anaesthetic is utilised (Gorgy, et al., 1998), then the epididymis head is put between the thumb and forefinger, where it is then punctured, from the scrotal skin, with a needle that is connected to a tuberculin syringe filled with 0.1ml of washing medium. The plunger is then retracted that slowly punctures the ductule. The syringe is then rotated and partially withdrawn staying within the epididymis. Then the suction is released slightly and the syringe withdrawn. Examination of the aspirated sperm is then performed after flushing the fluid into a dish. In the case that motile sperm are not found, the procedure is performed again at a different location. As the location is selected blindly, numerous tries are needed in order to secure good quality sperm. In this case, the procedure is quick, easy, does not need open surgery and easily repeatable. Nevertheless, since the punctured location is random, it cannot be controlled and occasionally ductules can be missed. In some cases, the epididymis can be very small and even covered with fat layers, making retrieval challenging. This can be overcome by using OFNA. Also, there is a higher chance of contacting a blood vessel and therefore contaminate the fluid with blood (Shrivastav, et al., 1994). Testicular sperm aspiration (TESA) In this case anaesthetic is needed, afterwards a butterfly needle is poked around the testicular fluid while suction is applied from another syringe. The fluid is then examined for sperm quality. Studies also show that color Doppler ultrasonography can be used to guide the syringe and go around blood vessels (Balenky, et al., 2001). It is quite a simple technique that does not need any special training or equipment. However, there is a risk of puncturing the tunica blood vessels since it is done blindly. Puncturing multiple passages into the tissue may lead to damage and ultimately haemorrhage. Also, sample volume tends to be quite scanty (Craft Tsirigotis, 1995). Conventional open biopsy (COB) An incision is made in order to expose a testis, afterwards an incision is also made to the tunica and a small piece of testicular tissue is sampled. Sutures are then made to the tunica and the incision closed. It is a simple method that can be performed by a general surgeon and yields a significant amount of tissue. However, testicular vessels can be damages since it is an open surgery procedure, that would lead to the possibility of impaired testicular function as these are end-arteries (Schlegel Su, 1997; Manning, et al., 1998). Key ethical issues Ethical issues can be assessed through fairness, choice and wellbeing of the stakeholders, in order to arrive to a plausible conclusion. I managed to identify the following as the stakeholders; deceased husband, family members (wife/partner, parents etc.), unborn child, physician and society. Fairness With regards to fairness the debate is driven by two main issues; firstly, the right of the father to an heir even after death. In such cases, it is suggested that the father conveys consent for artificial insemination prior to his death (Strong, et al., 2000; Orr Siegler, 2002). This would make the decision more ethically justifiable. In cases where this is not available, inferred consent could also be accepted. However, although very little data is present with regards to the postmortem wishes of men, it is assumed that a large faction of men would not want their spermatozoa used after their death (Pastuszak, et al., 2013). Nevertheless, strict regulation should always be implied, to eliminate abuse where possible (Strong, et al., 2000). Choice The issues of society with regards to PMSR centre about a fear of a continual acceptance of non-conventional practices especially in conservative societies which may lead society to become biased and aversely disapprove of such practices. However, this difference in viewpoint can be seen in all controversial debates, where society criticizes individuals of backing such practices for their own goals and desires. Therefore the introduction and implementation of legislation is important to provide a framework which may help society better understand the uses of PMSR. In the case that family members want to perform sperm retrieval from the deceased based on verbal consent from previous conversations, would the physician be obliged to carry out this task? Basing the answer on the physician’s autonomy, the physician is not obliged to enter in a patient-doctor relationship, unless the patient has no other means for medically necessary care, which is not the case. This means that the physician will never be obliged to perform such duties even if sperm retrieval might be ethically justifiable in certain scenarios. This occurs especially if the physician conscientiously opposes sperm retrieval making him free to decline performing such tasks (Strong, et al., 2000). Also, another question arises, in that would the physician be morally obliged to decline performing practices which may cause harm to a future generation? The Human Embryology and Fertilisation Authority (HEFA) obliges physicians providing assisted reproductive technologies to assess t he wellbeing of the unborn child before proceeding (Parliament of the United Kingdom., 2008). Deciding to perform such a procedure utilizing the sperm of the woman’s partner can be a complex situation to tackle especially without consent. Wellbeing The main concerns when PMSR is sought are with regards to the deceased and the unborn child. Postmortem sperm retrieval affects the welfare of the deceased as it alters the values and beliefs of the deceased (Bahadur, 2002; Orr Siegler, 2002). Also, the child would be considered the heir of the deceased, which has several permanent social implications, especially on the deceased’s family, including, possession distribution and also the child’s upbringing. This could in turn be in complete disagreement with the deceased values (Bahadur, 2002). Family members could also find interest in maintaining the family’s lineage, which could also be in direct conflict with the deceased’s wishes. With regards to the unborn child there are issues too as children born through PMSR will have no father, which may result in difficulties during their upbringing (Strong, et al., 2000). Nevertheless, the claim that post mortem insemination can lead to such dejected views is very complex as it tries to compare existence with something that does not exist. Nevertheless, it is still a very difficult task to raise a child without a father, which may lead to additional costs for the mother and the family which in turn may also be stigmatized (Weber, et al., 2009). Policy and regulatory frameworks for PMSR PMSR has now started to gain international recognition, with different countries starting to implement legislation in order to manage its practice and safeguard its use. Several countries have opted to completely abolish its use. In fact Sweden, Germany, Canada and some parts of Australia have legislation that prohibits the use of PMSR (Bahadur, 1996; Webb, 1996). In addition, regions in West Australia have legislation that prohibits post-mortem use of gametes (Webb, 1996). Israel allows the transfer of pre-embryos to the wife within a year from the death of the husband, even if there is no consent. However, upon death of the wife, the embryos would not be used (Benshushan Schenker, 1998). In the U.K., the Human Fertilisation and Embryology ACT of 1990 does not forbid post-mortem sperm retrieval and storage however it does need prior written consent from the male (Parliament of the United Kingdom., 2008). In France on the other hand after a particular case the Centre d’Etude et de Conservation du Sperme Humain (CECOS) has embraced a practice of not allowing postmortem retrieval, a policy which was backed by the French courts (Aziza-Shuster, 1994). Thereafter, in 1994, France passed an act that prohibits post-mortem sperm retrieval (Lansac, 1996). On the other hand other countries like Belgium and the USA permit PMSR, even in the absence of the males consent (Brahams, 1997; Brahams, 1996). Conclusions The advent of new practices to aid infertility cases, will challenge us with ever increasing ethical issues which most probably will only increase in number. This is why informed consent is a major issue that needs evaluation as it forms an essential part of many programmes. However, for consent to be impartial, all the information with regards to such practices must be given together with counselling to enable proper consent to be given. This means that ideally both male and female should give their consent in advance. Cases involving married couples that have prior consent even with first degree relatives, PMSR should be allowed, although it has to be in agreement with a special committee responsible of dealing with such cases. Cases that might deal with consanguinity or incest for example a mother to be inseminated with her son’s spermatozoa should be prohibited both for ethical and genetic reasons. Also, cases where children are already present, and are heirs, should be al so consulted and consent be obtained. Nevertheless, this review is being written in order to address a number of issues important issues that come with PMSR. Since, such practice is still in its infancy and little data is present, it is difficult to reach any definite answers or conclusions, especially since there is little legislation to produce a framework of guidelines and practices. However, this review might help in furthering the discussion especially since ethical opinions will vary depending on cultural and religious values. Also, the issue is not merely medical and relies also on moral ethical and religious values. A debate will allow for common guidelines to be achieved and with time implemented for future practice and improvement on the subject.

Forever 21

Forever 21: Dealing with America’s Fear of Aging and Death Abstract It is estimated by the Center for Disease Control and Prevention that there will be 71 million U. S. adults over the aged of 65 by 2030 (CDC, 2011, May 11). It can be certain, as was with their predecessors, that the geriatric journey for these adults will be filled with multiple anti-aging face creams and miracle hair growth products as they reluctantly cross over to the last stage of their lives.As shown not only through our media and social interactions’ growing old is not the popular choice. Ironically, the reality is that aging and dying is just as significant as our first breath. It is a journey made by everyone and everything though it is fought with a resistance that cannot be denied. The basis of this paper will discuss the preconceptions and barriers, whether psychological or societal, that is linked with aging, and steadfast approaches that can be used to cope with the aging process and the r eality that death is eminent.Keywords: ageism, aging, death, coping, geriatric, fear, quality of life Forever 21: Dealing with America’s Fear of Aging and Death A study performed by the National Consumer’s League reported that approximately 90 million Americans purchase anti-aging products or have surgical procedures performed to ward off the visible signs of aging each year (Nelson, 2005). As the baby boomer generation moves into their senior years, they may not be prepared for the psychological challenges that their predecessors experienced before them (Daniel, 1994).As Todd Nelson describes in his article, Ageism: Prejudice Against Our Feared Future Self, the old are treated as â€Å"second-class citizens with nothing to offer society† (Nelson, 2005, p. 209). A research model concluded that older persons in the United States were perceived as â€Å"warm, but incompetent† (Nelson, 2005, p. 215). Research suggests that the stereotyping of the older popul ation is much more severe than originally thought, making it necessary for further research to find ways to reduce the disdain towards aging (Nelson, 2005).The negative attitude associated with aging has not always been this way. Historically, older individuals were once revered, and admired as they were considered wise and experienced. They were the historians of the past, teaching the customs and values to the new, emerging generations (Nelson, 2005). The degeneration towards the old occurred by way of technology through the invention of the printing press which allowed duplication of stories in mass distribution, making the elder’s status less significant.Another factor was the industrial revolution as progress dictated where families lived. This new mobility requirement did not settle well with the less adaptive and older generation, breaking apart the traditional family structure in order to secure employment elsewhere. Growing companies needed strength and adaptability during that time so the younger generation excelled professionally whereas experienced, older applicants were less valued. The advancements in medicine also extended a person’s life expectancy, prolonging the caregiver’s responsibility to its elder (Nelson, 2005).In Todd Nelson’s article, Ageism: Prejudice against Our Feared Future self, he discusses the social prejudices associated with aging, and the subtle ways those prejudices are conveyed. His primary focus is our aging population of baby boomers, and how they will be affected by being stereotyped in ways that are patronizing and degrading (Nelson, 2005). In an effort to thwart such negative attitudes, Jere Daniel, the author of Learning to Love Growing Old, describes a â€Å"vanguard† movement that is committed to changing the way aging is perceived.These individuals have evoked the term, â€Å"conscious aging† which promotes awareness and acceptance of the aging process as we move through ea ch stage of life. The supporters of this movement confer that aging is not a curable disease, and it cannot be solved by spending billions of dollars on preventing its process or its end (Daniel, 1994). Another supporter of changing the way aging is conveyed is author, Margaret Cruiksbank, of the book, Learning to be Old. In her book she is a proponent of changing the way the aging process is described. Her position is that the underlying meaning of popular terms to describe aging weakens its value.She denotes that the term â€Å"successful aging† is a false phrase for the elderly as it â€Å"masks both the wish to continue mid-life indefinitely and the white, Middle-class, Western values of researchers, causing them to emphasize productivity, effectiveness and independence† (Cruiksbank, 2009, p. 2). She also concludes that the term â€Å"productive† aging symbolizes â€Å"economic usefulness and social conformity† (Cruiksbank, 2009, p. 2), especially for the female gender. More importantly, these terms can be used to measure. This ability to measure is subjective to the questioner and an individual’s self-worth.She suggests the term â€Å"aging comfortably† as it signifies easiness, and a â€Å"faint hint† of pleasurable self-indulgence which may not have been possible in younger years (Cruiksbank, 2009, p. 3). There has been decades of research examining what it referred to as â€Å"automatic categorization† (Nelson, 2005. p. 207). Researchers describe this as an essential trait in humans that is a primal response to physical characteristics, such as race, gender, and age, that automatically prompts emotional responses and prejudices. This type of categorization sets the foundation for stereotyping (Nelson, 2005).The aging community is faced with an array of negative stereotypes that affects their independence as well as their self-perception. Many times the negativity is hidden, almost overlooked as it in an unconscious gesture unbeknownst to either participant. Nelson discusses the use of patronizing language as a form of negative socialization. He states that researchers define its usage as â€Å"overaccomodation and baby talk† (Nelson, 2005, p. 209). This type of language is based on the stereotype that individuals suffer from hearing loss to a limited or degenerate intellect as a result of growing old (Nelson, 2005).Another form of stereotyping that has a debilitating effect on the aging adult’s self-esteem is a term called â€Å"infantilization† (Nelson, 2005, p. 210). This is described as a process that occurs over time as the aging adult relinquishes their independence, eventually leaving them to believe that they can no longer do for themselves. The aging adult is victim in believing that they are â€Å"old†, and subsequently begins to assume behaviorisms that depict old age such as moving and thinking more slowly. Researchers have found that t his is prevalent in elders that have been over accommodated.The end result is that it not only affects the elder person but burdens their caretaker as well (Nelson, 2005). Another prejudice that is common is segregation of the old (Cruiksbank, 2009). Cruiksbank notes that even people over sixty five have a disdain for their peers, saying â€Å"they do not want to be around all those people† which may be their way of unconsciously avoiding their own mortality (Cruiksbank, 2009, p. 10). She states that distancing themselves may be a way they preserve their autonomy. Cruiksbank sees this as a form of denial, and also counterproductive as she eels solidarity needs to be exemplified by the old especially in this time of their lives. Gereontological research has also found other common patterns among the elderly and their peers. In another attempt to demonstrate independence, the elderly tend to generalize geriatric health issues. They segregate themselves by expressing how fortuna te they are not to be suffering the same doomed fate (Cruiksbank, 2009). All forms of media reinforce negative stereotypes associated with aging (Daniel, 1994). By as early as six years old, negative stereotypes have already formed about aging.These stereotypes continue throughout our lives, and are subconsciously accepted without question. Daniel concludes that society has no role models that favor growing old. A nursing home ad with a dialogue that emulates the aging parent as a problem or burden further acerbates the stigma. Culture and media are designed to postpone the evitable as it is geared towards staying young, and delivers that message from fashion to health (Daniel, 1994). The result of these stereotypes is that as we age, impending doom invades the individual’s thoughts.In an effort to conform to culture’s idea of individualism, the aging population perpetually seeks an elusive youth, thereby denying their mind and bodies the right to age (Daniel, 1994). I t is not surprising then as the body begins to breakdown, that the aging person feels embarrassed and insignificant (Cruikshank, 2009). There is an ongoing movement to re-adjust society’s perception of what it means to age (Daniel, 1994). In an effort to shift the mindset of America’s aging, non-institutionalized studies have been done in American communities to determine the intellectual and cognitive effects of their aging population.The results concluded that â€Å"physical and mental decline is not evitable† Daniel, 1994). As the aging population grasps at their â€Å"desire to have meaning† in their lives, more attention needs to be focused on the positive influences that can enhance their daily existence. These influences include a positive attitude along with making healthy choices for themselves such as food, physical activity and recreation (Kerschner and Pegues, 1998). One way to improve the aging process is to be proactive in developing a healt hy lifestyle that includes good eating habits and physical activity.Research has concluded that the mind is a powerful tool in creating reality so protecting one’s health can be a precept to a fighting off future ailments (Kerschner and Pegues, 1998). The choice to give back to the community creates a meaningful and positive response in many ways. The benefit of socially connecting in a structured atmosphere lends opportunity to share not only wisdom but to develop new relationships that otherwise would not have occurred (Kerschner and Pegues, 1998).Studies have concluded that people who remain active have a clearer sense of who they are and what value they hold in society as well as their community (Kerschner and Pegues, 1998). For every beginning, there must be an end. There is term called vertical axis which describes the mind-body experience when an infant first enters the world. It is believed that prior to a person’s birth, the mind and body are not aware of each other but as soon as they arrive, both are encapsulated by â€Å"sensation and emotion† as the two entities meet for the first time (Carvalho, 2008, p. 4).With the help of a mother’s touch, their union becomes a â€Å"seamless ensemble† (Carvalho, 2008, p. 4). The two live together, as one, for many years. It is not until the last stage of life, do they find themselves encapsulated by â€Å"sensation and emotion† again as now they have grown apart, separated as the aging body or mind is no longer able to oblige the other. They spend the rest of their days laboring until they can agree to leave together, in death. Fear of aging can ignite or dim the remainder of a person’s life. There is an array of products, books, and doctors promising new ways to reinvent the old self.In America, we are driven by the desire to stay young and because of this truth; the aging person experiences certain prejudices. Though, despite the adversity, aging can be a cata lyst to many wonderful and positive experiences that could only happen because one is old. One outdated novelty, wisdom, is just waiting to be reinvented by today’s aging population, and it would nice to see it be born again. * * * * * * * References Center for Disease Control and Prevention. (2011, May 11). Cdc. Retrieved from http://www. cdc. gov/chronicdisease/resources/publications/AAG/aging. tm Jere Daniel. (September 1, 1994). Psychology Today. In Learning to Love Growing Old. Retrieved October 1, 2012, from http://www. psychologytoday. com/articles/199409/learning-love-growing-old. Cruikshank, M. (2009). Learning to be old, gender, culture, and aging. Rowman & Littlefield Pub Inc. Kerschner, H. , & Pegues, J. A. M. (1998). Productive aging: a quality of life agenda. Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 98(12), 1445. Retrieved October 1, 2012 from http://go. galegroup. com. ezproxy. liberty. edu:2048/ps/i. do? id=GALE%7CA53479831&v=2. &u=vic_liberty&it=r&p=AONE &sw=w Nelson, T. D. (2005), Ageism: Prejudice Against Our Feared Future Self. Journal of Social Issues, 61:  207–221. doi:  10. 1111/j. 1540-4560. 2005. 00402. x Retrieved October 1, 2012 from http://onlinelibrary. wiley. com/doi/10. 1111/j. 1540-4560. 2005. 00402. x/full Carvalho, R. (2008), The final challenge: ageing, dying, individuation. Journal of Analytical Psychology, 53:  1–18. doi:  10. 1111/j. 1468-5922. 2007. 00699. x Retrieved October 1, 2012, from http://onlinelibrary. wiley. com. ezproxy. liberty. edu:2048/doi/10. 1111/j. 1468-5922. 2007. 00699. x/abstract

How Technology Has Changed Our Lives - 910 Words

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Native American And Native Americans - 950 Words

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